|
|image_skyline = Girona_riverside_HDR.jpg |image_size = 250px | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Girona.svg | image_flag = Bandera_de_Girona.svg | motto = ''Girona m'enamora'' "I fall in love with Girona" | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonia | pushpin_map1 = Spain | pushpin_map_caption1 = Location of Girona within Spain | latd = 41 | latm = 59 | lats = 04| latNS = N | longd = 02 | longm = 49 | longs = 16| longEW = E | coordinates_type = type:city(96236)_region:ES | coordinates_display = inline | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous Community | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Girona | subdivision_type3 = Comarca | subdivision_name3 = Gironès | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Carles Puigdemont Casamajó (2015)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ajuntament de Girona )〕 | leader_party = CiU | established_title = Founded | established_date = 79 BC | area_footnotes =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=El municipi en xifres: Girona )〕 | area_total_km2 = 39.1 | elevation_footnotes = (AMSL) | elevation_m = 76 | population_footnotes =〔 | population_total = 97227 | population_as_of = 2014 | population_rank = | population_demonym = | postal_code_type = 17001-17007 | postal_code = | area_code = +34 (E) + 972 (Gi) | twin1 = | twin1_country = | blank_name_sec1 = Administrative Divisions | blank_info_sec1 = 9 | website = | footnotes = }} Girona (, , (スペイン語:Gerona) (:xeˈɾona)) is a city in the northeast of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia in Spain, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell and has an official population of 96,722 as of January 2011. It is the capital of the province of the same name and of the ''comarca'' of the Gironès. It is located northeast of Barcelona. Girona is one of the major Catalan cities. ==History== The first historical inhabitants in the region were Iberians; Girona is the ancient Gerunda, a city of the Ausetani. Later, the Romans built a citadel there, which was given the name of ''Gerunda''. The Visigoths ruled in Girona until it was conquered by the Moors in 715. Finally, Charlemagne reconquered it in 785 and made it one of the fourteen original counties of Catalonia. It was wrested temporarily from the Moors, who recaptured it in 793. From this time until the moors were finally driven out, 1015, the city repeatedly changed hands and was sacked several times by the moors (in 827, 842, 845, 935, 982). Wilfred the Hairy incorporated Girona into the county of Barcelona in 878. Alfonso I of Aragón declared Girona a city in the 11th century. The ancient county later became a duchy (1351) when King Peter III of Aragon gave the title of Duke to his first-born son, John. In 1414, King Ferdinand I in turn gave the title of Prince of Girona to his first-born son, Alfonso. The title is currently carried by Leonor, Princess of Asturias, the second since the 16th century to do so. The 12th century saw the Jewish community of Girona flourish, having one of the most important Kabbalistic schools in Europe. The Rabbi of Girona, Moshe ben Nahman Gerondi (better known as Nahmanides or Ramban) was appointed Great Rabbi of Catalonia. The presence of the Jewish community of Girona came to an end in 1492, when the Catholic Monarchs expelled all the Jews from Catalonia. Today, the Jewish ghetto or ''Call'' is one of the best preserved in Europe and is a major tourist attraction. On the north side of the old city is the ''Montjuïc'' (or ''hill of the Jews'' in medieval Catalan), where an important religious cemetery was located. Girona has undergone twenty-five sieges and been captured seven times. It was besieged by the French royal armies under Charles de Monchy d'Hocquincourt in 1653, under Bernardin Gigault de Bellefonds in 1684, and twice in 1694 under Anne Jules de Noailles. In May 1809, it was besieged by 35,000 French Napoleonic troops under Vergier, Augereau and St. Cyr, and held out obstinately under the leadership of Alvarez until disease and famine compelled it to capitulate on the 12th of December. Finally, the French conquered the city in 1809, after 7 months of siege. Girona was center of the Ter department during the French rule, which lasted from 1809 to 1813. The defensive city walls were demolished at the end of the 19th century to allow for the expansion of the city. In recent years, the missing parts of the city walls on the eastern side of the city have been reconstructed. Called the ''Passeig de la Muralla'' it now forms a tourist route around the old city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Girona」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|